Control question

 

Q1. What is an inorganic compounds? 

Answer: Inorganic compounds are of inanimate, not biological, origin. Inorganic compounds lack carbon and hydrogen atoms and are synthesized by the agency of geological systems. For examples are Barium Chloride (BaCl2), Sodium chloride (NaCl), water (H2O), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Carbon dioxide (CO2).

 

Q2. How are inorganic compounds classified?

Answer: Inorganic compounds can be classified into four groups: acids, bases, salts, oxides.

 

Q3. Give a definition for each of the classes.

Answer: Acids - complex substances, consisting from hydrogen atoms and acid radical (according to electrolytic dissociation theory: acids - electrolytes, which under the dissociating form only H+ in the capacity of cations).

Bases - complex substances, in which atoms of metals bonded with one or several hydroxyls groups (according to electrolytic dissociation theory bases - complex substances, which under the dissociating in water solution are formed metal cations (or NH4+) and hydroxide anions OH-).

Salt – complex substances, which consist from atoms of metal and acid residuals. This the most multiple class of inorganic compounds.

Oxides – complex substance, consisting from two elements, one of wich oxygen.

 

Q4. What are the physical properties of bases?

Answer:

·         Most base solutions are slippery to the touch.  But don't go touching them.  A household example is bleach.

·         Slimy or soapy feel on fingers, due to saponification of the lipids in human skin.

·         Concentrated or strong bases are caustic on organic matter and react violently with acidic substances.

·         Aqueous solutions or molten bases dissociate in ions and conduct electricity.

·         Reactions with indicators: bases turn red litmus paper blue, phenolphthalein pink, keep bromothymol blue in itsnatural colour of blue, and turns methyl orange yellow.

·         The pH level of a basic solution is higher than 7.

·         Bases are bitter in taste.

 

Q5. How are the basics classified? What kind of anion is formed when the bases are dissociated?

Answer: Classification of bases: Soluble in water (alkalis) and insoluble. Amphoteric bases show also properties of weak acids. Bases - which under the dissociating in water solution are formed metal cations (or NH4+) and hydroxide anions OH-.

 

Q6. Is CO an organic or inorganic compound?

Answer: Carbon dioxide is considered by chemists as inorganic, along with carbon monoxide, carbonates and bicarbonates. Nature has not distinguished compounds into inorganic and organic compounds that clearly. These compounds of carbon are just assumed to be inorganic. Also there is that one thing about carbon being covalently bonded with hydrogen in organic compounds. Due to that criteria carbon dioxide is considered inorganic. But actually there is no clear reason.

 

Q7. What are the physical properties of acid?

Answer: Physical properties of acids:

·         They have sour taste.

·         They change the color of litmus paper to red.

·         Their aqueous solutions conduct electricity.

·         They are corrosive substances.

·         Most of them are soluble in water.

Q8. How are the salts classified?

Answer: Classification of Salts:

A.     Neutral Salts

• They are formed from the reactions of strong acids with strong bases.

• They have neither acidic nor basic character.

• Their solutions are neutral.

• NaCl, LiNO3, KNO3, NaBr, Li2SO4 …etc are examples.

B.     Acidic Salts

• They are formed from the reactions of strong acids with weak bases.

• They have acidic character.

• The salt still has hydrogen atom(s) from an acid which can further be replaced by metallic ions. Examples include: NaHSO4, NaHCO3 and NaHS

C.     Basic Salt

• They are formed from the reactions of weak acids with strong bases.

• They have basic character.

• The salt contains hydroxides together with metallic ions and negative ions from an acid. Examples are basic zinc chloride, ZnOHCl, basic magnesium chloride.

D.    Double salt

Salt that ionizes to produce three different types of ions in solution, two of these are usually positively charged and the other negatively charged. Examples are ammonium iron(II) tetraoxosulphate(VI) hexahydrate, (NH4)2 Fe(SO4)2 × 6H2O; potash alum or aluminium potassium tetraoxosulphate(VI) dodecahydrate, KAl(SO4)2 × 12H2O; and chrome alum or chromium(III) potassium tetraoxosulphate(VI) dodecahydrate, KCr(SO4)2 × 12H2O.

E.     Complex salt

The salt contains complex ions, i.e. ions consisting of a charged group of atoms. Examples are sodium tetrahydroxozincate(II)

 

Na2Zn(OH)4 (aq)   ↔ 2Na+ (aq) + Zn(OH)42- (aq)

 

Q9. Amphoteric and basic oxides how to distinguish?

Answer: Amphoteric oxides has both acidic and basic behaviour. Basic have only basic behavior.

 

Q10. Are carbohydrates inorganic compounds?

Answer: No, carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen(hence the name), the simplest example being a simple sugar (monosaccharide). Since they are based on carbon and hydrogen (carbon-based chemistry) they must be considered organic rather than inorganic.