Control questions

 

Q1. Define the term salt.

Answer: In chemistry, a salt is an ionic compound that can be formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. Salts are composed of related numbers of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral (without a net charge).

 

Q2. What is a hydrolysis?

Answer: The reaction of an anion or cation with water accompanied by cleavage of O–H bond is called hydrolysis. The term hydrolysis is derived from hydro, meaning water, and lysis, meaning breaking. It may be noted that in anionic hydrolysis shown in the solution becomes slightly basic (pH > 7) due to the generation of excess OH– ions. In cationic hydrolysis there is excess of H+ ions which makes the solution slightly acidic (pH < 7).

 

Q3. How is cation hydrolysis different from anion hydrolysis?

Answer: When a neutral salt is dissolved in water, it will break down into its consituant ions. The positive ions are called cations, while the negative ions are the anions.

 

Q4. What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer: "A Hydrolysis is the process in which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles". Which would make a hydrolysis reaction, a reaction in which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles.

 

Q5. What is the order of a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer: Hydrolysis in a chemistry a double decomposition reaction withaqua (Water) as one of the reactants. Thus, if a compound is denotedby the formula xy in which y and x are atoms then water isrepresented by the formula HOH, the hydrolysis reaction may berepresented by the reversible chemical equation xy + HOH → xH +yOH. The reactants other than water, and the products ofhydrolysis, may be neutral molecules-as in most hydrolysesinvolving organic compounds as in hydrolyses of salts, acids, andbases.

 

Q6. What are dehydration and hydrolysis reactions?

Answer: Dehydration syntheses: the removal of water to join monomers into macromolecules Hydrolysis: the addition of water to separate macromolecules Maltose is made by dehydration synthesis.

 

Q7. What is difference between hydration and hydrolysis?

Answer: Hydration is when water molecules (or more formally a hydroxyl and a hydrogen ions) are incorporated into a molecule without breaking it. Hydrolysis is when a molecule is broken in two pieces by the incorporation of a hydroxyl and a hydrogen ion. One half of the original molecule will bond with the hydroxyl the other with the hydrogen ion.

 

Q8. Difference between acidic hydrolysis and basic hydrolysis in amide?

Answer: Acidic Conditions: Begin by protonating the oxygen in the carbonyl group, in the next step you can add water to the activated nucleophile to make the tetrahedral intermediate. The rest of the reaction are acid base reactions to maintain an acidic equilibrium and end up the ammonium as the acid catalyst. Basic Conditions: You may begin by adding the hydroxyl group to the carbonyl carbon and then protonating the now negative oxygen from the previous alkene with the proton left over by the hydroxyl group (originally it was water). You need to dissociate your tetrahedral intermediate by protonating the amide and then pushing it out when you take the proton by the oxygen pushing the electrons to make a double bond to form the carbonyl group and push out the NH3. In the end base deprotonates the carboxylic acid and you wind up with ammonium. The main key is equilibrium, you end up with a negative charged ion at the end because you maintain a negative charge in a basic mechanism.

 

Q9. Can H2O2 used for hydrolysis?

Answer: Yes, it can. The equation is H2O2 (aq) + H2O (l) → HO2- (aq) + H3O+ (aq).

 

Q10. Hydrolysis is involved in?

Answer: Hydrolysis is involved in maltose to glucose digestion. Maltose, astarch, gets hydrolyzed into a couple remains of glucose in thiscarbohydrate digestion.